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Space psychology
Space Psychology refers to applying psychology to advise human spaceflight. This includes applying industrial and organizational psychology to team selection, individual and team mental preparation, team training, and ongoing psychological support,〔Freiberg, Peter. (1998). “Psychology keeps astronauts well grounded.”''Monitor'', ''American Psychological Association'', March Edition, p. 17〕 and applying human factors and ergonomics to the construction of spacecraft to ensure sufficient habitability.
==Components of Industrial/Organizational Psychology==
The field is necessary for planning for and accomplishing successful human spaceflight missions by ensuring readiness for the unique physiological and psychological challenges posed by spending extended time in closed isolated environments like spacecraft. It is critical that each team member functions individually and as a team in order to avoid human error, overcome unforeseeable challenges, and complete the mission.
Due to the importance of team reliance on mission success, the field has focused on team composition and cohesion in spaceflight missions ever since 1957’s Project Mercury. This involves applying and conducting research from social psychology, group dynamics, group performance and team psychology, and applying it to select team members that will be able to live together in close quarters for an extended amount of time, and create team training programs that improve team performance.〔Novotney, Amy. (2013). “I/O psychology goes to Mars” ''Monitor on Psychology''〕
In addition to teamwork, there is an assortment of psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight that needs to be addressed in order to plan for successful space missions, such as loneliness, unavailability of familial mental health support, elevated levels of stress due to demanding tasks, and reduced material comforts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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